Ectopic thyroid tissue- A case series

@#<p><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To describe the clinical presentation and course of seven ectopic thyroid patients. <br /><br /><strong>METHODS:<br />Design:</strong> Retrospective Chart Review<br /><strong>Setting:</strong> Tertiary Government Teaching Hospital<br /><strong>Patient:</strong> Seven patients<br /><br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Five patients were female and two were male (ratio of 5:2). Three belonged to the 20 to 30 year-old age group, whereas two were below 10 years of age. All seven were biochemically hypothyroid and ectopic thyroid was found to be the only functioning thyroid tissue. Three patients were managed medically with levothyroxine, while ectopic thyroid was excised in four. Ectopic thyroid tissue was autotransplanted in two cases following excision.<br /><br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The ages of presentation in the present series correspond with the increased physiological demand of thyroid hormone. Thyroid substitution therapy is a must in the presence of clinical and/or biochemical hypothyroidism. Surgical excision should be avoided as far as possible especially if the ectopic tissue is the only functioning thyroid in the body. Surgery is required in selected cases presenting with obstructive symptoms or hemorrhage which are unresponsive to substitution therapy. Auto transplantation of the ectopic thyroid may not provide significant benefit to the patient and more research is warranted in this aspect.</p>

Sino nasal malignant melanoma: a case series

To present a retrospective case series of Sino-nasal malignant melanoma cases consisting of eight cases, their clinical presentation, management protocol and treatment outcome.: Retrospective review of 8 sino-nasal melanoma patients with their clinical profile, investigation result and treatment outcome with comprehensive review of literature. The 5-year survival rate in this small series was nil. Local failure with skull base invasion was noticed in 3 cases. Distant metastasis was noticed in 4 cases. Advanced sino nasal malignant melanoma carries a poor prognosis as seen in the present series. Early diagnosis and adequate surgical excision is beneficial in managing these lesions

Supernumerary nostril - an unusual case report

Developmental anomalies of the nose encompass a diverse group of conditions. Embryologic development anomalies of the nose include nasal dermoids, gliomas, encephaloceles, nasal clefts, proboscis lateralis, arhinia, polyrrhinia, nasopharyngeal teratoma, and epignathus. Supernumerary nostril is a very rare congenital anomaly. We report such a case with review of literature. Embryology of nasal development and embryogenesis of duplication anomalies are discussed in this review

Diagnostic yield of bone marrow examination in HIV associated FUO in ART naive patients

A bone marrow [BM] aspiration and biopsy is often believed to be a much needed diagnostic procedure in the work up of patients with fever of unknown origin [FUO], especially in the setting of AIDS. Is it worthwhile to proceed with this invasive diagnostic method? The usefulness of a BM aspiration or biopsy to assist in the diagnosis of FUO or prolonged fever in AIDS patients has been reported previously to range from 4% to 40%. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of a BM aspiration and biopsy in diagnosing the cause of FUO in patients with AIDS and to identify the utility of the procedure for the diagnosis of malignancies/other hematological disorders resulting in the FUO. In this study, comprising of 30 patients, we have tried to find the diagnostic yield of bone marrow examination in finding the etiology of "FUO associated with HIV infection". Though similar studies have been reported in the literature but it is lacking from eastern India. The majority of BM examination in this series revealed infections followed by hematological disorders. Our study showed the diagnostic yield of bone marrow examination in "HIV associated FUO" to be 26.7%. It was found to be positive in 33.3% of the patients, who had the final diagnosis of an infective etiology and 100% of the patients, who had a final diagnosis of an underlying hematological etiology

Management of salivary gland tumours: a 10 years institutional experience

A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted on 166 patients of clinically evident salivary gland tumours over a period of l0years with the main aim to assess the prognosis of the various surgical techniques used in the management of salivary gland tumours. All the patients underwent detailed clinical examination and FNAC. CECT and MR scan were done whenever indicated. After meticulous assessment of the extent and establishment of the cytopathological diagnosis, these cases underwent surgical excision of the tumour. Various surgical approaches were described for the excision of the tumours of various size, type and extension, with or without nodal metastasis. Neck dissection was done in 54% cases of salivary gland malignancies. Excisional biopsy was done in all of the cases. Post-operative radiotherapy was given in 26% cases. 6% cases of malignant salivary gland tumours showed recurrence

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of parapharyngeal space

Sarcomas account for only 1% of all head and neck primary cancers. Of all soft tissue sarcomas only 5% are neurogenic sarcomas [malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour] and upto 20% of these lesions occur in the head and neck region.[1,2] About 50% of these tumours are associated with neurofibromatosis type I. Sporadic cases usually occur during the 4[th], 5[th] or 6[th] decades of life with equal sex predisposition[1]. Painless enlarging neck mass with or without neuropathy is the usual presenting feature [3]. Differentiating neurofibrosarcoma from other spindle cell sarcomas, e.g., malignant fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma or leiomyosarcoma can be very difficult without immunohistochemistry. Wide local excision is the treatment of choice [3, 4] but prognosis is poor for high grade tumours, tumours larger than 5 cm in diameter, if surgical margins are not free from tumour and in patients with neurofibromatosis[1, 4]

Capillary hemangioma of the sphenoid sinus

Hemangiomas of the paranasal sinuses are rare, particularly those of the sphenoid and ethnioid sinuses. Although imaging of the sinuses is key to determining the extent of involvement, the diagnosis is based on the lesions histologic appearance. We describe a new case of sinonasal hemangioma originating in the sphenoid sinus and we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic interventions